air pollution essay | effects of air pollution, air pollution from vehicles,air pollution examples, a air pollution definition

air pollution essay

How the climate and nature crisis is dynamic  the united kingdom – ikon essay
The UK is one amongst the foremost nature-depleted countries within the world. More than one,000 British species ar in danger of extinction. Polls have repeatedly shown that while the British public may be divided on Brexit, we are united by our love of nature and concern about climate. The charity WWF is urging UK political parties to respond to the nature and climate crisis by committing to bold policies and investment to make the UK the first major economy to halt its contribution to climate change, put nature on a path to recovery and stop deforestation in food supply chains. It says the UK must pioneer an economic and financial system that works for people and planet and drive global ambition to respond to the climate emergency.

A hedgehog at Secret World life Rescue in Somerset, that receives regarding 600 hedgehogs for rehabilitation per annum. In autumn, hedgehogs typically struggle to search out enough food to place on weight for winter hibernation. It is estimated that UK hedgehog numbers have declined by half since 2000, to fewer than 1 million. The loss of hedgerows for intensive farming, the employment of pesticides that kill slugs and insects and therefore the lack of garden home ground is driving the decline.

Eight-year-old Afrika holds a ball and wears a mask to guard against pollution in town Heights, south-east London. Studies have found that fine particles and poisonous fumes emitted from vehicle exhausts and wood and coal fires ar significantly harmful to kids and may have an effect on their respiratory organ and brain development. These pollutants ar believed to cause thousands of deaths across the united kingdom every year and contribute to health conditions as well as respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease and stroke. The burning of fossil fuels conjointly generates gas emissions.

Seals like this pup, in rehabilitation at RSPCA West Hatch in Somerset, face many threats to their existence: increased severe weather and storms linked to climate change can separate pups from their mothers, as will public disturbance from tourists and dog walkers. Adult seals ar typically killed or disabled in collisions with boat propellers or entangled in plastics and fishing waste, and pups is caught as by-catch in business fishing nets.

Thousands of scholars across the united kingdom joined a wave of climate strikes to lift their voices within the climate discussion this year. These two protesters with placards attended an event at Parliament Square in London in May organised by the UK Student Climate Network. The global climate strike movement was impressed by the 16-year-old Swedish activist Greta Thunberg and has been supported by voluminous folks round the world.

The puffin could be a well-known traveller to British shores. It spends the summers in the UK to breed and heads north in the winter to feed in cold Arctic seas. The UK provides a significant home ground for these birds, but numbers have been crashing in some of the UK’s nesting sites over recent years. As with several different species suffering from the climate crisis, puffins ar already subject to different threats, which a changing climate only worsens. Overfishing is severely reducing their food sources, and therefore the fish populations they suppose – like sand eels – are getting less current because the seas heat. The combos of those impacts may well be devastating for Britain seafowl populations.

The sun rises behind the cooling towers of coal-powered Ratcliffe-on-Soar power plant and lights up the steam created from the generation method. Ratcliffe-on-Soar in Nottinghamshire is one amongst the UK’s few remaining coal-fired power stations. Burning coal generates greenhouse gas emissionsand causes dangerous air pollution, and building the huge infrastructure can destroy habitats. The UK has committed to ending the employment of coal in power generation by 2025, and renewables are rapidly becoming cheaper than fossil-fuel generation.A mute swan and mallard duck lie dead among plastic pollution in Manchester. The watercourse Tame in bigger Manchester recently recorded the best level of microplastics anyplace within the world. Combined with poisonous protoctist in watercourse systems because of rising international temperatures, many water birds are dying as a result of pollution.

pollution history

Six-year-old Elizabeth (left) and eight-year-old Mali watch the tide coming in on the Thames on the South Bank in London. WWF estimates that just about a pair of.5m homes across the UK could be at risk of flooding by 2050. Damage caused by coastal erosion, flooding of farmland, businesses and infrastructure might value the state quite £12bn a year by 2050, in line with figures from a WWF study released this week called Global Futures.Awareness campaign on clean airNo result found, try new keyword!Kohima College in collaboration with Nagaland Pollution Control Board (NPCB ... Kohima College principal Ralimongla delivered the welcome address. Competition on essay, speech and model projects ...Awareness campaign on clean airNo result found, try new keyword!Kohima College in collaboration with Nagaland Pollution Control Board (NPCB ... Kohima College principal Ralimongla delivered the welcome address. Competition on essay, speech and model projects ...

Awareness campaign on clean air

No result found, try new keyword!Kohima College in collaboration with Nagaland Pollution Control Board (NPCB ... Kohima College principal Ralimongla delivered the welcome address. Competition on essay, speech and model projects ...

how to reduce pollution city skylines | how city pollution,0 pollution city in india,simcity 4 reduce pollution

how to pollution city skylines

India's automobile industry finds itself in unwanted spotlight as thick smog hangs heavy over the skyline of North India. New Delhi recently achieved the dubious distinction of becoming the most polluted city in the world. But is the motor industry all to blame? Dr Ameya Joshi, who heads Emerging Technologies and Regulations for Corning Inc, one of world's leading innovators in material science talks about the politics of emissions and the way forward to Sumant Banerji of BT.

BT: Next year, India will leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI emission regime. How unprecedented is this?

AJ: India is in many ways taking what has already been learned from European regulations. It is a bit of a heads-up that we enjoy here. Even though it looks kind of abrupt, there is much more technical know-how behind it and a lot of thought put in by the government by looking into these regulations. It's a bold step forward because all these reductions in India for fighting pollution is critically needed right now.

BT: There has been a lot of talk on how to quantify emissions. Many countries talk of phasing out fossil fuels. Should India do the same?

AJ: There's growing emphasis on emissions globally. The emphasis is two-fold. One is reducing tailpipe emissions from vehicles. Second, is ensuring norms are met when they are driven on the road and not in some lab. There are differences in how diesel and gasoline are being phased in Europe versus China and India is following the European style.

BT: Would you say the dieselgate scandal of 2015 was the tipping point where the narrative on emissions changed?

AJ: Change was happening even before that but it provided that last ignition point for this. And this is definitely needed today. It acted as a catalyst so to say for the policymakers to work on quickly.

BT: Is industry even now on the back foot on emissions or is it more balanced now that it's been almost three to four years since the scandal broke out?

AJ: It's much more balanced now that there is a tremendous amount of progress that has been made by the industry in the past few years. Since dieselgate the industry realized that it must get this right and there is no escape now. Hence, a lot of work has been done and the industry has now moved from what needs to be met on emissions of the future to looking at what's even further into the future. Now the industry is making sure that it isn't going to exceed the norms and make sure cars are really clean. It's everyone's responsibility. Fuels to tailpipe emission to every engine, everything must come together. I am glad it's happening.

BT: There's a big question over the viability of diesel as a technology. What is your sense of what major OEMs are thinking worldwide?

AJ: Firstly, in the heavy-duty side, diesel engine has a long way to go. There is lot of conversion happening from diesel to gasoline and to compressed natural gas but still for most of the long-haul applications, diesels are here to stay for a few years. On the light duty side, clearly diesel has taken a hit. An image hit after the dieselgate and also a lot of political hit. Its' got an image that it's not clean. One thing to recognize is that from a CO2 perspective diesel engine offers a lower CO2 and the reduction (in CO2) as compared to gasoline increases as you go to heavier vehicles. Especially, if you are comparing an SUV in a diesel versus gasoline now, you do get a much bigger benefit. For countries like Europe which are mandating a 30 percent reduction in CO2 for the next level of fuel economy, OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) are going to really struggle to meet the CO2 targets. If overnight Europe goes to gasoline, it's going to be a big challenge. So diesel engine has a role to play in that transition.BT: But the scandal seems to have hit the nail in the coffin for diesel.

AJ: From an emission perspective, the timing of the whole dieselgate scandal was very unfortunate. It happened just when the regulations, the measurement techniques, the industry were in place, so diesel took a hit. But if you see today the RDE (real driving emissions) compliant diesels that are being certified are super clean in Europe. And by super clean, there is data to suggest diesel tailpipe emissions of 20 milligram per kilometer.  Which is to say if today diesel is at 80, potential Euro VII or Bharat stage VII could be roughly say 40. We are already talking 20 today, half of that, which shows it can be done with appropriate technology.  

BT: What about particulates which contributes so much to the smog that we suffer from in Delhi?

AJ: I just read a paper yesterday about fleet testing in Zurich where they have the histogram of particulate emissions from diesel. Roughly the average of diesels with good working filters was 10,000 particles per cubic centimeter. That is around 10 micrograms per meter cube if you do conversions, which is the World Health Organization recommended minimum for good health. Delhi is at 150 so.....long way to go. How much are these 10,000 particles per centimeter cube? This room is a good example. Let's say 10 feet by 10 feet. So, if this room is filled with diesel exhaust, the amount of soot would be equal to four eyelashes. That's 10 micrograms per meter cube. That's how clean diesel has become. In fact, studies today show a good vehicle with a properly working particulate filter can actually clean the environment. If the AQI in Delhi is at 160 micrograms per meter cube and you have tailpipe emission of 10 microgram per cube, the car is actually sucking up atmospheric particles and emitting relatively cleaner air. It's working like a filter. And this is real data. For both NOx and particulates, the technology is ready. It's mature. However, diesel has taken a hit in perception. And like it or not, it is declining.

BT: Policymakers across the world seem unconvinced especially when the claim is being made by the industry.

AJ: That's true, policymakers are being super vigilant and that's why all of this in-use compliance (RDE) testing is happening. There's a new sort of activity in Europe going on called periodic testing - roadside testing of vehicles. They are doing every bit to make sure that you really catch vehicles which are high emitters and fix them quickly. But to be fair if you read all the regulations written, they are, so far, not directly excluding diesels. They are just no longer lenient towards diesel vis a vis petrol. So if you have a vehicle that meets their limit they're saying you can drive it or now. They are phasing out older diesels and that's fair. For final regulatory level they're not still phasing out diesels. There are no blanket bans. Some cities occasionally make statements that we are not going to allow older diesels in the city center and the headlines are always very misleading. I think once you have these actual real world data with compliant diesels running on the road, in a year or two with the data at hand, I think the mindset may change. We will have to see.

BT: How do you look at what is happening in India where the government completely goes from one direction to the other?  The broader underlying emotion is to do away with tail pipe emissions entirely. Do you think that's a good strategy to have for a country like India?

AJ: India is not alone. Most governments are struggling with this problem. You want to reduce fuel consumption and reduce pollutants. They don't go hand in hand all the time. If you want to really reduce pollutants you make engine changes frequent and they have an impact on fuel economy or vice versa. Trying to clamp down on both and make 100 percent EV, obviously is not going to work in the short term. Just mandating that from tomorrow you can only drive EVs is not feasible anywhere either. Governments are still trying to figure out what is the right mix and it depends on the mix of technology they promote. It depends on the local availability. So, if a country is rich in CNG, it is going to promote CNG.

BT: What is that good policy for India?

AJ: A good policy has a mix of all of this for many reasons. As I said, all your diesels have a lower CO2 than gasoline so, having some amount of diesel is probably okay. It also depends on what you want to do with the vehicle for heavy loads. For city driving, hybrid is probably better and there are lot of studies now which show roughly average gasoline hybrid today gives a 30 percent benefit compared to conventional gasoline and that puts it at par roughly with diesel. So, give some incentive to vehicle buyers. Moving them to hybrid probably will require a smaller incentive away from diesel or gasoline. On the other hand  promoting EV technology is also good because by the time your grid gets really clean you want the technology to be mature. California is struggling with the same thing and trying to motivate it. It is the same thing in China. India is being aspirational and as we reduce dependence on coal, let's push EVs but in the meantime hybrid is a good technology to pursue because it gives you reductions today.

water pollution in the city |water pollution city skylines,water pollution in a city,water pollution in thane city.

water pollution in the city

Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency fires new spherical in pollution fight with SF
The Environmental Protection Agency distributed the flames of AN current dispute with metropolis on Thursday, reaffirming its stance that the city’s water agency improperly discharges waste product into the ocean.
In a letter to the metropolis Public Utilities Commission, EPA officials reiterated their assessment that the city was out of step with its wastewater discharge permit, which regulates water quality standards. The letter conjointly silent that state water regulators could have erred in issue permits to the SFPUC. The centralized offers the state the authority to issue waste product discharge permits underneath the Clean Water Act.
Federal officers wrote that they doubted the SFPUC might “demonstrate compliance” within the close to term with the terms of its permits, and so they “strongly urge you to enter into ... an enforceable agreement with the EPA.”
The Environmental Protection Agency hit metropolis with a violation notice in Gregorian calendar month, accusing the city of improperly discharging waste into the ocean. On prime of alleging that the SFPUC wasn’t meeting federal pollution standards for waste product discharge, the EPA also accused the city of improperly maintaining its sewer system and failing to keep adequate records once folks might need been exposed to pollution. Thursday’s letter was a rebuttal to correspondence the SFPUC sent to the Environmental Protection Agency in Gregorian calendar month difference it had been not in violation of its permits.
City officials, including Mayor London Breed and City Attorney Dennis Herrera, previously denounced the violation notice as a politically motivated ploy by the Trump administration to stick a thumb in the eye of San Francisco and California. President Trump, citing no evidence, hinted at the violation notice in September after remarking that used needles and other pollutants were flowing into the ocean.
Despite the accusations, a few weeks after issuing its violation notice, the EPA gave the SFPUC access to a $236 million loan for water infrastructure improvements.
The Environmental Protection Agency conjointly took issue with the state of CA in Sep. A letter accused California of failing to deal with several cases of water pollution, and federal officials called out the “piles of human feces” in San Francisco.
The SFPUC, which is in the midst of a multibillion dollar upgrade of the city’s century-old sewer system, maintains that San Francisco is in full compliance with the terms of its discharge permits under the Clean Water Act and there is no threat to public health or the environment.
Michael Carlin, deputy general manger of the SFPUC, said he saw some inconsistency at the heart of the EPA’s threats: “Why do we need to be ‘urged’ if we’re such an egregious discharger?” Carlin asked, rhetorically.
A history of non-compliance would likely have already prompted action by the EPA, Carlin said, rather than a plea to enter a voluntary deal. The EPA, he said, was reinterpreting the terms of the wastewater discharge permits in ways that could put the city in jeopardy of noncompliance.
“They’re ‘urging’ us because they’re not sure if they’re on firm ground,” Carlin said, adding that the SFPUC would continue conversations with state regulators as it prepares a response to the EPA’s latest letter. The EPA could still hit the city with an enforcement action, which would escalate the dispute significantly, and could lead to a legal battle should the city decide to contest it.
“EPA’s expectation ... is that San Francisco will take steps to improve their system to comply with water quality standards,” a spokeswoman for the agency said.

air pollution effects |air pollution effects and control,air pollution effects in hindi,effect of air pollution in kolkata

air pollution effects

Smoggy days ar a lot of dangerous than you would possibly suppose. Even short exposure to fine material – solid and liquid particles sufficiently small to pass into the blood from the lungs – may lead to higher rates of illness serious enough to want a visit to hospital.
“On average, the days when people are hospitalised have higher pollution than when people are not,” says Francesca Dominici at Harvard University. “What will cause these very little will increase will be changes in traffic patterns, enhanced use of power plants, wind that brings pollution from other areas or wildfires.”
To determine the impact of this pollution, Dominici and her colleagues analysed quite ninety five million U.S.A. hospital records that lined a 13-year amount, alongside the concentrations of particulate matter less than two.5 micrometres in diameter, known as PM2.5, in a patient’s home postal code the day before their hospital visit.
Advertisement
There were 2050 additional hospital admissions and twelve,216 additional days in hospital related to every increase in fine material by one weight unit per kiloliter. “Really a very little amount,” says Dominici. Increases larger than this were seen on quite one hundred twenty days every year inside every code throughout the study years of 2000 to 2012.
Per year, each such increase in PM2.5 could lead to 634 deaths and cost $100 million in hospital fees, the team’s models showed. The enhanced risk of hospital admission was seen for many conditions, together with blood infections, kidney failure, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and blood clots and diabetes.
The hospital records were from folks on health care, a type of US government healthcare for people over the age of 65, but Dominici says previous research has shown that PM2.5 exposure has harmful effects on younger people too.
The World Health Organization’s air quality pointers say PM2.5 should be limited to 25 micrograms per cubic metre. Dominici and her colleagues found that the health risks stay even once they restricted their analysis to days inside that concentration. The WHO is currently revising its guidelines.
Journal reference: British Medical Journal, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6258
More on these topics:

Smoke emitting from smoke stacks

Rising Air Pollution May Be Hurting Your Health

fotog/Getty Images

If air pollution has become a political issue, a new study shows it is increasingly becoming a health hot button, too, especially for older Americans. It's shaving weeks to years off their life expectancy and causing serious lung and other conditions.

According to a new analysis of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data, air quality declined by 5.5 percent on average nationwide from 2016 to 2018 after almost a decade of improvement.

The villain behind these new findings is the rise in microscopic particulate matter, known as PM2.5, from car emissions, trucking, soot, smoke from wildfires, volatile compounds from factories, diesel generators and the burning of natural gases, said Karen Clay, a professor of economics and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.

"The increase in PM2.5 is important because of its health impact,” said Clay, lead author of the study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research. She and her colleagues monitored 653 counties across the U.S. from 2009 to 2018.

They found that the increase in air pollution was associated with 9,700 additional premature deaths of adults over age 30 from 2016 to 2018 and about 18,000 years of life lost among the elderly nationally. They attributed about 1,400 of the deaths in California to pollution stemming from the fires there in November 2018. In no way are the effects of air pollution so small as to be typically “killing people a day or two before they would have died anyway,” Clay noted.

When microscopic particles from pollution are inhaled, they penetrate the deepest part of the lungs, which can create a cascade of reactions and inflammation, said pulmonologist Zab Mosenifar, medical director of the Women's Guild Lung Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

The reactions then “take on a life of their own,” Mosenifar said. A healthy person may have a minor reaction, or the inhaled particles can create progressive scarring, or fibrosis, of lung tissue, causing shortness of breath, fatigue and a chronic cough in vulnerable adults with emphysema or other respiratory illnesses.

pollution prevention and control | pollution prevention day,a pollution prevention,prevent pollution goals

pollution prevention and control

MPCA proposes new rules to forestall chloride pollution
HASTINGS, Minn. — At preciseness Landscaping and Construction in Hastings, crews area unit attaching plows to trucks and ensuring everything is so as for the approaching months.

CFO Joby Nolan appearance at his salt provide hoping he keeps his usage at a minimum.

"One tablespoon of salt for good pollutes 5 gallons of water," aforesaid Nolan.

RELATED: Stretch of scenic St. Croix stream supplemental to impaired waters list

He says his brine resolution appears to be the solution partially as a result of it liquefies the salt, creating it doable to use less.

"We've been doing this for 2 seasons currently," aforesaid Nolan. "Whatever we are able to do to cut back our impact."

Joby was a part of a coaching on reducing salt usage many years agone.

Minnesota's Pollution management Agency is pushing native governments to try and do additional of that education with some projected new rules for 249 municipalities within the state. this can be a part of their wide  general allow whichaims to forestall stormwater pollution.

"Requiring these municipalities to teach the general public on however will|they will|they'll} scale back their salt use and coaching their employees in order that they can inform choices once they are applying roads and sidewalks," aforesaid Cole Landgraf with the American state Pollution management Agency.

He hopes this projected rule makes a distinction which additional folks like Joby can do what they will to stay our waterways clean.

"We've had Brobdingnagian success with it and we're ramping up even additional this season," aforesaid Nolan.

The MPCA is seeking public input on the new rules till early Gregorian calendar month.

MORE: decide orders search of MPCA computers in PolyMet challenge
Thai air pollution crisis spiralling out of control
Leading teachers say the Thai government is just not equipped to forestall the pollution crisis “spinning out of control”. Despite bold proclamations, just like the in public declared goal to resolve the matter by 2022, lawmakers still downplay threats to human health and permit conflicts of interest to forestall real advances toward solutions.
During a smogginess crisis in capital of Thailand earlier this year the govt was content with substance stunts like firing water cannons into the air during a show of picture opportunities for the compliant Thai media. They conjointly created abundant fanfare regarding ‘water drones’ that were dropping a couple of litres of water from the sky. In each cases the have an effect on on Bangkok’s pollution was exactly zero.
Thanawat Jarupongsakul, chairman of the National Strategic Drafting Committee on Green Growth and chairman of the Thai Global Warming Academy, says conditions like those in Bangkok earlier this year… “are likely to become additional intense as a result of the pollution sources themselves facilitate build up inversion layers that lure the dirt underneath”.
Thanawat says out of doors fires generate gases along side PM2.5 matter. Sunlight turns these gases into gas particles, which are not just harmful, but also help build up inversion layers, which prevent the air below from rising, trapping pollutants.
In a writing within the capital of Thailand Post, Thanawat says the urbanisation continues to change Bangkok’s landscape, creating a heat-island effect that creates inversion layers during winter, trapping the area’s self-generated pollutants. He currently warns that Asian country might have reached some extent of no come back.
“There’s no doubt our weather patterns are changing, and we’ve known this would occur due to climate change.”
“We ought to abandon our polluting ways that as a result of we are able to not estimate nature to blow it all away.”According to Niramol Suthamkit, director of Thammasat University’s Pro-Green Centre says that pollution from vehicles, infrastructure construction and property development square measure the results of urban and economic process priorities.
“There is small policy that prioritises the setting for society’s overall quality of life.”
Academics argue that economic incentives that force the general public to vary its behaviour square measure required, and that pollution must be tackled at the root. Some advocate onerous vehicles directly, and creating new markets for agricultural waste and biomass that don’t involve burning. But this may need a unstable shift in policymaking
The number of Bangkok’s registered vehicles has quite doubled within the past 10 years to ten.5 million. But no effort is being created to scale back these numbers. Instead, transportation plans require one,047 kilometres of new roads and expressways over the next decade.
About ninetieth of dangerous particles within the air in and around national capital square measure generated by vehicle exhaust, biomass burning, factories and dust from construction sites. And because the pollution readings ratchet up, so do health-related economic costs.
The Pollution management Department is conscious of these prices. Citing a study in South and geographic area from 1999 to 2014, showing PM2.5 caused around one.4 million premature deaths, they PCD suggested imperative and strict controls on emissions. But the govt has done nearly nothing during this regard.
According to a faculty member at Kasetsart University’s college of economic science, the govt 1st needs to realise that we’re facing a crisis that demands this analysis. Vehicles belching out dangerous black exhaust stay widespread, and despite anti-burning rules, sixty six of the sugarcane that entered mills this year was burned before harvest home.
SOURCE: Bangkok Post